Pancreatic cancer, known as the "king of cancer" in the medical field, is a malignant tumor originating from pancreatic duct epithelium and acinar cells. The cause of the disease is not completely clear, but many studies have shown that long-term smoking, poor dietary habits (such as high fat and high protein diet), high body mass index, chronic damage of pancreatitis, diabetes and other factors may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer.

The early symptoms of pancreatic cancer are not obvious, so most patients are in the middle and late stages when diagnosed, and lose the best opportunity for surgical treatment. The main symptoms include jaundice, weight loss, abdominal discomfort or pain, which often only manifest in the late stages of the disease.

In terms of treatment, the latest treatment methods for pancreatic cancer cover a variety of means, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. For resectable pancreatic cancer, minimally invasive surgery such as "minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy" and "minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy" are recommended as Level I or Level III treatment scheme, but such surgery should be performed in experienced doctors and professional institutions. For advanced or unresectable pancreatic cancer, chemotherapy is still the main treatment method, combined with radiotherapy and targeted treatment to improve the therapeutic effect. Among them, NALIRIFOX protocol and AG sequential mFOLFOX-6 protocol are recommended as first-line treatment options for metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Targeted therapy provides new therapeutic hope for pancreatic cancer patients by targeting specific molecular abnormalities in cancer cells to block their growth signal pathways. At present, DDR signaling pathway and KRAS wild type pancreatic cancer have been approved as relevant indications in China, while research on other targets such as KRASG12C and KRASG12D is also in progress.

Immunotherapy aims to activate the body's autoimmune system to recognize and attack cancer cells, providing new treatment options for patients with advanced unresectable or recurrent pancreatic cancer. Although the application of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer is still in the exploratory stage, its potential is widely appreciated.

To sum up, the treatment of pancreatic cancer is a complex and diversified process, which requires comprehensive consideration of the patient's physical condition, tumor location and size and other factors to develop a personalized comprehensive treatment plan. With the deepening of medical research, it is believed that there will be more efficient and low side effects treatment methods in the future, which will bring better treatment effect and quality of life for pancreatic cancer patients.