Vulvar cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the external genitalia, accounting for about 5% of female reproductive tract malignancies. Among them, primary squamous cell carcinoma is the main type, and secondary malignant tumors are relatively rare. The disease most commonly occurs in the labia majora, followed by the labia minora, vaginal vestibule, and clitoris. The cause of vulvar cancer is not fully understood, but human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the main cause of its occurrence, and it is also related to non tumor epithelial lesions and sexually transmitted diseases of the vulva.

Clinical symptoms

The main symptoms of vulvar cancer include local nodules or masses that gradually increase in size, necrosis, rupture, and infection, increased secretion, accompanied by itching and pain. The tumor can appear papillary or cauliflower like, and can rapidly expand, involving the anus, rectum, and bladder. Late stage patients may present with ulcers or irregular papillary or cauliflower like masses, often with purulent discharge from the affected area, and the lesion may expand and involve surrounding tissues.

Latest treatment methods

There are various treatment methods for vulvar cancer, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The specific treatment plan needs to be formulated according to the patient's specific condition and physical condition.

Surgical resection: For early or mid stage vulvar cancer, surgical resection is the preferred treatment method. Surgical removal of diseased tissue or organs can effectively control the progression of the disease.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a method of using chemical drugs to kill cancer cells, suitable for patients with widespread spread and who cannot undergo surgery. Commonly used drugs include paclitaxel, cisplatin, etc., which are administered orally or intravenously, and the duration of the cycle varies from person to person.

Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy uses high-energy radiation to irradiate the tumor area to kill cancer cells, and has certain therapeutic value for locally advanced or inoperable vulvar cancer. Radiotherapy is usually performed in several stages, with the interval between each treatment determined by the doctor.

Targeted therapy: Targeted therapy works against specific molecular abnormalities, and commonly used drugs include bevacizumab, cetuximab, etc. This strategy focuses on blocking key proteins in cancer cell signaling pathways and reducing their impact on normal tissues.

Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy activates the body's immune system to combat cancer, with representative drugs being PD-1 inhibitors. This method aims to enhance the body's ability to fight cancer and is suitable for some individuals who cannot benefit from traditional therapies and have no obvious distant metastasis.

In summary, there are various treatment methods for vulvar cancer, and patients should choose the most suitable treatment plan under the guidance of a doctor. At the same time, maintaining good personal hygiene habits, avoiding strong irritant washes to clean the affected area, and changing underwear in a timely manner can also help promote recovery.