Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, which is caused by the insufficiency of absolute or relative insulin secretion and the insufficiency of its utilization. The disease is mainly divided into three types: type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. The cause is mainly attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including a decrease in insulin secretion due to the dysfunction of islet cells, or the body's insensitivity to insulin action or both, so that glucose in the blood can not be effectively used and stored. Some diabetic patients and families have disease aggregation phenomenon. In addition, the incidence and prevalence of diabetes are on the rise globally.

The symptoms of diabetes are mainly manifested as "three more and one less", that is, excessive drinking, excessive urine, excessive eating and weight loss. In addition, patients with a long course of disease may cause chronic progressive lesions, functional decline or even failure of tissues and organs such as eyes, kidneys, nerves, hearts, and blood vessels, and may cause acute and severe metabolic disorders.

The main treatment of diabetes is to maintain the blood sugar level within the normal range through scientific and reasonable treatment methods, prevent the occurrence of acute metabolic disorders, prevent or delay the occurrence and development of complications, and improve the quality of life. Prognosis depends on disease control and the presence or absence of complications. The prevention of diabetes mainly depends on a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, moderate exercise, maintaining a normal weight, and regular medical check-ups.