Medulloblastoma, as a highly malignant central nervous system tumor, mainly occurs in children, especially those under 14 years old, and is one of the most malignant gliomas in the skull. Its cell morphology is similar to embryonic myeloid cells, hence its name. Medulloblastoma mainly occurs in the lower vermis of the cerebellum and may spread to other areas such as the spinal cord and brain surface through the cerebrospinal fluid pathway.

Clinical symptoms

The clinical manifestations of medulloblastoma are diverse, mainly including symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (such as headache, vomiting, and papilledema), cerebellar symptoms (such as balance disorders, ataxia, and nystagmus), and symptoms of cranial nerve damage (such as facial paralysis, visual impairment, and abduction nerve paralysis). In young children, due to the unclosed cranial fontanelle, there may be signs such as increased head circumference and enlarged anterior fontanelle.

Latest treatment methods

The treatment of medulloblastoma mainly adopts the following methods:

Surgical treatment: Surgical resection is the main treatment method for medulloblastoma. Due to the fact that tumors are usually located deep in the cerebellum, surgery is difficult and requires experienced neurosurgeons to perform. The goal of surgery is to completely remove the tumor as much as possible to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Radiation therapy: For tumors that cannot be completely removed or for postoperative recurrence prevention, radiation therapy is an important auxiliary method. Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to kill or inhibit tumor cells, which helps control the progression of the disease.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy also plays an important role in the treatment of medulloblastoma. By intravenous injection of specific drugs (such as cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, etc.), chemical drugs can enter the bloodstream and distribute throughout the body, inhibiting the growth and spread of tumor cells.

Targeted therapy: precise treatment targeting specific molecular targets of medulloblastoma, such as erlotinib used in EGFR mutations. Targeted therapy can more accurately target tumor cells and reduce damage to normal cells.

Immunotherapy: Treating tumors by enhancing the body's own anti-tumor immunity, such as using drugs such as PD-1 inhibitors and CTLA-4 inhibitors. Immunotherapy has shown certain potential in the treatment of advanced or recurrent refractory medulloblastoma.

matters needing attention

During the treatment process, patients should maintain sufficient rest and nutrition, and avoid vigorous exercise to reduce the burden on the brain. At the same time, regular follow-up and examination are also very important in order to timely detect and treat possible recurrence or complications.

In summary, the treatment of medulloblastoma requires a comprehensive approach and individualized treatment plans based on the specific situation of the patient. With the continuous advancement of medical technology, new treatment methods continue to emerge, providing patients with more treatment options and hope.