Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease, with lesions mainly distributed in the optic nerve, periventricular white matter, corpus callosum, brainstem, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord white matter. This disease has a familial genetic predisposition, and the etiology is not yet clear, but autoimmune reactions, viral infections, environmental factors, and genetic susceptibility may jointly contribute to its onset. Multiple sclerosis tends to occur in young and middle-aged people. The incidence rate of female is higher than that of male, and it is more common in high latitude areas, people with family history and smokers.

Symptom manifestations

The symptoms of multiple sclerosis involve multiple systems throughout the body, mainly including:

Visual impairment: such as decreased vision, color vision loss, etc.

Movement disorders: may manifest as hemiplegia, paraplegia, and quadriplegia, accompanied by increased muscle tone and hyperreflexia of tendons.

Fatigue: Patients often experience fatigue, decreased physical strength, or mental exhaustion.

Cognitive and emotional disorders: such as decreased information processing, concentration, and memory abilities, as well as emotional problems such as anxiety and depression.

Pain: such as trigeminal neuralgia, painful spasms, etc.

therapeutic method

The treatment of multiple sclerosis is mainly divided into acute phase treatment and remission phase treatment:

Acute phase treatment:

The main use of glucocorticoids, such as methylprednisolone, is to alleviate neurological symptoms and promote neurological function recovery through high-dose shock therapy. However, it should be noted that glucocorticoids cannot change the progression trend of the disease.

Treatment during the remission period:

Common drugs for treating the cause include beta interferon (such as interferon B1a), teriflunomide, natalizumab, etc. These drugs can effectively inhibit lymphocyte activation, reduce the response of inflammatory cells, and avoid inflammation affecting the central nervous system.

In addition, carbamazepine can be used for acute analgesia, pregabalin for neuropathic pain treatment, and dapagliflozin for restoring walking ability.

matters needing attention

Multiple sclerosis is a disease that requires long-term and sustained treatment. Patients should engage in appropriate physical exercise in their daily lives to enhance their resistance and maintain good sleep habits. At the same time, regular follow-up and re examination are also very important in order to adjust treatment plans and assess disease progression in a timely manner.

In summary, the treatment of multiple sclerosis is a comprehensive process that requires close cooperation between patients and doctors to jointly develop and implement appropriate treatment plans.