Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a malignant tumor originating from renal embryonic cells and is the second most common abdominal malignancy in infants and young children. The following is a detailed introduction to nephroblastoma and an overview of the latest treatment methods:

1、 Disease characteristics

Age of onset: It is more common in children aged 1-3 years old, with the peak age of onset being 1-3 years old.

Symptom manifestations: Typical symptoms include abdominal masses, hematuria, fever, hypertension, etc. Among them, abdominal masses are the most common symptom of nephroblastoma, often discovered unintentionally.

Genetic predisposition: Nephroblastoma has a certain genetic predisposition, but only a few patients have a family history.

2、 Cause of illness

The exact cause of nephroblastoma is not yet clear, and it may be related to gene loss or mutation, or it may be caused by impaired differentiation and sustained proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells into posterior renal tissue.

3、 Latest treatment methods

The treatment of nephroblastoma emphasizes comprehensive therapy, mainly including surgical treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

Surgical treatment:

It is the preferred treatment method for nephroblastoma, aiming to remove the tumor as completely as possible while preserving normal kidney tissue.

Select appropriate surgical methods based on the size, location, and spread of the tumor, such as radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, etc.

Chemotherapy:

It is an important adjuvant therapy for nephroblastoma, which can inhibit the growth and spread of tumor cells and improve the success rate of surgical resection.

Chemotherapy drugs include vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, streptomycin, etc.

Radiotherapy:

Used as an adjuvant therapy after surgery to eliminate residual tumor cells.

For patients with advanced nephroblastoma, radiotherapy can be used as a palliative treatment to alleviate symptoms and prolong survival.

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy:

Targeted therapy targeting specific molecular targets of nephroblastoma can reduce side effects.

Immunotherapy utilizes the patient's own immune system to combat tumors, which is currently in the research stage, but is expected to become an effective means of treating nephroblastoma in the future.

Comprehensive treatment strategy:

The treatment of nephroblastoma should be comprehensively considered based on the patient's specific condition, age, constitution, and other factors, and a personalized treatment plan should be formulated.

Emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration, including close cooperation between departments such as pediatrics, urology, oncology, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

4、 Prognosis

The prognosis of nephroblastoma varies among individuals, but if detected, diagnosed, and treated early, most patients can achieve a better prognosis. Through formal comprehensive treatment, the five-year survival rate of patients has increased to over 90%.

In summary, nephroblastoma is a malignant tumor that requires comprehensive treatment, with diverse and constantly evolving treatment methods. Patients and their families should actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment plan in order to achieve the best treatment effect.