Hypertension is a common chronic condition characterized by persistently elevated arterial blood pressure. It is generally classified into primary (essential) hypertension, which results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and secondary hypertension, which is associated with specific diseases or medications. Often called the "silent killer," hypertension usually presents no symptoms but can lead to severe complications like heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and other health issues if left uncontrolled.

The latest treatment strategies for hypertension emphasize a comprehensive approach. Lifestyle modifications are fundamental, including reducing salt intake, maintaining a healthy weight, increasing physical activity, and limiting alcohol and smoking. Medication therapy is also crucial, with common drugs including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers. In recent years, personalized treatment has gained attention, where physicians tailor the medication regimen based on individual factors such as age and coexisting conditions. Additionally, new techniques such as renal denervation are being applied to resistant hypertension cases. This procedure lowers blood pressure by reducing sympathetic nerve activity around the renal arteries.