Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University was founded in 1958. It is a large-scale tertiary comprehensive hospital with a focus on neuroscience and geriatrics, specializing in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It undertakes medical, educational, scientific research, prevention, health care, and rehabilitation tasks.

Under the development pattern of "one body, two wings" with comprehensive hospital strength as the main body and neuroscience and geriatrics as the characteristics, various disciplines are steadily developing. The various branches of neuroscience continue to develop and grow: Neurology is a national key discipline and was once the chairman unit of the Neurology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association; Neurosurgery and Beijing Cerebrovascular Disease Center are the main participating units of national key disciplines; The Functional Neurosurgery and Movement Disorders Treatment Center has been named the "Outstanding Achievement Clinical Center" by an international authoritative institution and is a leading team in this field in China; The Beijing Neurology Consultation Center is known as the "ultimate diagnostic institution" in China; The disciplines of neurointervention, neuropathology, neurorehabilitation, neuromedical imaging, neuropharmacology, neurobiochemistry, neurophysiology, gene and cell diagnosis, vascular ultrasound diagnosis, etc. are advancing together, consolidating into a leading neuroscience cluster with comprehensive strength in China and attracting attention at home and abroad. Vascular surgery is led by Professor Wang Zhonghao, the chief expert in vascular surgery in China and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, as well as Professor Zhang Jian, the dean, and has become one of the leading teams in this discipline in China. At present, there are 2 national key disciplines, 1 national key cultivated discipline, 6 national clinical key specialties (projects), and 3 clinical key specialties in Beijing.